The Internet
- The Internet is a worldwide collection of networks that links millions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals.
- The Internet originated as ARPANET in September 1969 and had two main goals:
- Allow scientists at different physical locations to share information and work together.
- Function even if part of the network were disabled or destroyed by a disaster.
1984 - ARPANET has more than 1000 individual computers linked as hosts.
1986 - NSF connects to ARPANET and becomes known as the internet.
1995 - NSFNet terminates its network on the internet and resumes status as research network.
1996 - Internet2 was founded.
Today - More than 550 million hosts connect to the internet.
- Each organization is responsible only for maintaining its own network.
- Inetrnet2 connects more than 220 universities and 115 companies via a high-speed private network.
- Many home and small business users connect to the internet via high-speed broadband Internet service.
- An access provider is business that provides individuals and organization access to the internet free or a fee.
- An IP address is a number that uniquely identifies each computer or device connected to the internet.
- A domain name is the text version of an IP address or known as top-level domain (TDL).
- A DNS server translates the domain name into its associated IP address.
- The World Wide Web. or Web, consists of a worldwide collection of electronic documents(Web Pages)
- A Web site is a collection of related Web pages and associated items.
- A Web server is a computer that delivers requested Web pages to your computer.
- Web 2.0 refers to Web sites that provide a means for users to interact.
- A Web browser, or browsers allows users to access Web pages and Web 2.0 programs such as:
- Internet Explorer
- Firefox
- Opera
- Safari
- Google Chrome
- A home page is the first page that a Web site displays.
- Web pages provides link to other related Web pages.
- Downloading is the process of receiving information.
- Each Web page has a unique address called a URL or Web Address.
- Tabbed browsing allows you to open and view multiple Web pages in a single Web browser window
- There are two types of search tools that are search engines and subject directories.
- Search Engine - Finds information related to a specific topic.
- Subject Directory - Classified Web pages in an organized set of categories.
- A search engine is helpful in locating items such as :
- Images
- Videos
- Audio
- Publications
- Maps
- People or Businesses
- Blogs
- Some Web browsers contain an Instant Search box to eliminate the steps os displaying the search engine's Web page prior to entering the search text.
- There are 13 types of Web site :
- Portal
- News
- Informational
- Business/Marketing
- Blog
- Wiki
- Online Social Network
- Educational
- Entertainment
- Advocacy
- Web Application
- Content Aggregator
- Personal
- Multimedia refers to any application that combines text with :
- Graphics
- Animation
- Audio
- Video
- Virtual Reality
- A graphic is a digital representation of non-text information.
- Graphic formats include BMP, GIF, JPEG, PNG, and TIFF.
- A thumbnail is a small version of a larger graphic.
- Animation is the appearance of motion created by displaying a series of still images in sequence.
- Audio includes music, speech, or any other sound.
- You listen to audio on your computer using a player.
- Streaming is the process of transferring data in a continuous and even flow.
- Video consists of images displayed in motion.
- Virtual Reality (VR) is the use of computers to simulate a real or imagined environment that appears as a three-dimensional space.
- A plug-in is a program that extends the capability of a Web browser.
- Web publishing is the development and maintain of Web pages.
- E-commerce is a business transaction that occurs over an electronic network.
- E-mail is the transmission of messages and files via a computer network.
- An e-mail program allows you to create send, receive, forward, store, print, and delete, e-mail messages.
- A mailing list is a group of e-mail names and address given a single name.
- Instant messaging(IM) is a real-time Internet communications service.
- A chat is a real-time typed conversation that takes place on a computer.
- A chat room is a location on an internet server that permits users to chat with each other.
- VoIP(Voice over IP) enables users to speak to other users over the Internet.
- A newsgroup is an online are which users have written discussions about a particular subject.
- A message board is a Web-based type of discussion group.
- FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is an Internet standard that permits file uploading and downloading with other computers on the internet.
- Many operating systems include FTP capabilities.
- An FTP server is a computer that allows users to upload and/or download files using FTP.
- Netiquette is the code of acceptable Internet behavior
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